What Are Monomorphemic Words

In English grammar and morphology, a monomorphemic word is a word that contains just one morpheme (that is, a word element). Contrast with polymorphemic (or multimorphemic)  word--that is, a word made up of more than one morpheme. The word dog, for example, is a monomorphemic word because it cant be broken down into smaller meaningful units, only into sound segments. Another name for monomorphemic is simplex. Note that monomorphemic words are not necessarily the same as monosyllabic words. For example, the two-syllable words maple and plastic are monomorphemic words. Examples and Observations An important initial distinction is between monomorphemic words and complex words. As the name implies, monomorphemic words are composed of only a single morpheme or meaningful unit. Examples . . . include friar, sad, and deer: at least in modern English, these words are unanalysable units, and if we understand them it must either be because they are stored as meaningful units in our memory or because a given context in which they appear makes their meaning obvious.(Philip Durkin, The Oxford Guide to Etymology. Oxford University Press, 2009)English has borrowed the Russian compound samovar, which consists of the [Russian] morphemes sam self and varit to cook. This compound has entered English without any morphological decomposition: samo and var are meaningless in English, and samovar is thus a simplex word. This shows that morphological rather than etymological criteria should be used when defining complex words . . ..(Maria Braun, Word-Formation and Creolisation: The Case of Early Sranan. Dissertation Università ¤t Siegen. Walter de Gruyter, 2009)An adult speaker of English knows on the order of 10,000 monomorphemic words and 100,000 words total . . ..(Janet B. Pierrehumbert, Probabilistic Phonology: Discrimination and Robustness. Probabilistic Linguistics, ed. by Rens Bod, Jennifer Hay, and Stefanie Jannedy. The MIT Press, 2003) Morphemes and Syllables Be sure not to confuse morphemes with syllables; Mississippi has more than one syllable but is only a single morpheme, at least to speakers who are unaware that its origin, or etymology, is that it comes from the Ojibwa  big river. English speakers know that miss and sip in this word are not related to the English uses of those words. Words can be monomorphemic, or  made up of a single morpheme, such as car and brown, or polymorphemic, made up of more than one morpheme, such as  grammaticality, anthropomorphic, linguistics, and racehorse. Other examples of monomorphemic words (with more than one syllable) are paper, pizza, Google, river, and catapult (in this last word, cat is a syllable but not a morpheme--it is not related to the feline).(Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck,  Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2013) Language Acquisition and Monomorphemic Words Brown [A First Language, 1973] emphasized the idea that language development can be predicted by linguistic complexity, with more complex forms acquired after less complex forms. Of particular relevance . . . is his finding that the words produced by children early in their language development are monomorphemic, that is, unmarked by inflections or other bound morphemes, but that subsequently those words become increasingly marked by inflectional suffixes when required by context. Thus, Browns research is consistent with the proposition that the words used by children in the first years of language development become increasingly morphologically complex. (Jeremy M. Anglin, Vocabulary Development: A Morphological Analysis. University of Chicago Press, 1993) Pronunciation: mah-no-mor-FEEM-ik word

Suddenly Teens Pregnancy Is Cool - 3668 Words

When Jamie Lynn Spears, the 16-year-old sister of Britney, announced that she was pregnant last month in OK!, the magazine sold a record two million copies and had to run a second printing of the issue to keep up with demand. How could a wealthy preteen idol with her own hit Nickelodeon show, and the good sister to her chaotic older kin, be just several months away from adolescent, out-of-wedlock motherhood? I didnt believe it because Jamie Lynns always been so conscientious. Shes never late for her curfew, lamented mother Lynne Spears. She got over the shock in a week, and then Jamie Lynn, ever conscientious, notified the press that she would be having, keeping and raising the baby with her mama in Louisiana. Im just trying to do†¦show more content†¦Its part of a larger revisioning of motherhood: queer mothers, old mothers, young mothers. That wasnt possible 20 years ago. Suffice to say, the rising American teen birth rate in 2006 is something of an eye-opener. Between 1991 and 2005, the United States saw a 34 per cent decrease in the birth rate among those aged 15 to 19. But in 2006, that relatively steady decline was reversed. Suddenly, among 15- to 17-year-olds, the rate was up three per cent to 22 babies per 1,000 females, and 18- and 19-year-olds jumped four per cent to 73 births for every 1,000. That took us by surprise, admits Stephanie J. Ventura, head of the reproductive statistics branch at NCHS. And the rise was spread over almost every ethnic group except for Asians; births among black, native, Hispanic and white teenagers rose. While no specific data was collected on the income of teen mothers, Albert says that with three in 10 girls getting pregnant by age 20, you realize this is not [just] poor folk. The problem is spread wide. In England and Wales, the birth rate per 1,000 females under age 20 rose to 45.5 in 2006 compared to 44.8 the year before. Not a huge leap, but its already one of the highest rates in the developed world. The United Nations last comprehensive tally of G8 countries, from 2004, showed the U.K. has the third-highest teen birth rate, with 26.8 births per 1,000, slightly lower than Russia (28.2) and well above Japan (5.6), France (7.8),Show MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy1732 Words   |  7 PagesSuddenly teen pregnancy IS cool? 1. Teen pregnancy is up partly because there is less of a stigma associated with teen pregnancy since there is more of a cultural permission to be a younger mother. The rise is also partly due to the portrayal of celebrity teens such as Jamie Lynn Spears in the media and other cultural shifts, giving teens the idea that having a baby is the new handbag. 2. The reason the authors use allusion in the first paragraph is to show the readers that teen pregnancyRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Article on Teen Pregnancy1691 Words   |  7 PagesSuddenly teen pregnancy IS cool? 1. Teen pregnancy is up partly because there is less of a stigma associated with teen pregnancy since there is more of a cultural permission to be a younger mother. The rise is also partly due to the portrayal of celebrity teens such as Jamie Lynn Spears in the media and other cultural shifts, giving teens the idea that having a baby is the new handbag. 2. The reason the authors use allusion in the first paragraph is to show the readers that teen pregnancyRead MoreModern Teenage Issues: Sex, Drugs and Alcohol Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe party came to an end, people left me and the guy had decided to crash there. That night we ended up having sex, we use a condom but the condom broke. A few weeks later I found out I was pregnant at 16, the guy ran out and wasnt there for the pregnancy nor the birth of his son.† This story is one of the millions of stories that teenagers are able to share with their friends at the lunch table every year. 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Reflective Draft Free Essays

Through the activities was undertaken in class about negotiation, I realized that different negotiation tactics have crucial impact on negotiation in the workplace. In the activities, I was assigned to play the role of manager (Dale Williams). I need to persuade two of my subordinates to wear safety glasses. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Draft or any similar topic only for you Order Now I use pressure to told Taylor she should allow the principle of company, if she doesn’t wear safety galsses, she will be fired. I give her pressure. she wants keep her job, finally, we were got a deal. And she is unhappy. In the second turn, I changed my way of talking to Chris Johnson. First I show my care of her, I asked her do u have problems of your eyes. Then I tell her experience of J. B. Harris. J. B. Harris was suffered a serious accident in another division. And she missed six weeks of work after an eye injury. If don’t wear safety glasses when work, it is easy to have risk to hurt eyes. Finally , we got a deal, and she is happy this time.. contrast these same situation but different experience and different tactics I used. I realized that the first time I used of fear to evoke a desired response from Taylor. It is nor effective. when I want to negotiation and get a deal. the better way and easy way is show my sympathy and worry first . it is easy let people can accept. KNOW:::From the aactivity, I know effective and good communication is an essentially significant source of negotiation power. A good communicator can manager a group or an organization easily. At the same time, it also can improve the pproduactivity of work.. on occasion, good communication is not easy. It needs people who . In fact, from this role play, I also know listening is very important. For example, Obama is good at motivation , when listen his speech, I always full of energy. And willing to accepet what he present. I realize the barriers existed in the process of negotiation. In this process, my parten is from indonisia as Pat Taylor. but I come from Chian. When we communicate, we have language barri. She have been this comapy for 20 years, More than me. She is the informal leaders of the group of more experienced employeers. I wanna she can tell me more about her experience. But she The tutor teach us types of influence tactics. Power used well achieves effective communication and positive results. Negotiating power is the ability of the negotiator to influene the behavior of another. What actions do you plan to take based on what you learnt? did you discover that a particular influence tactic is more/less effective and therefore are you likely to use this tactic in future negotiations? What did you learn about your natural preferences for influencing tactics based on? the aactivity? you might have felt more comfortable using ‘rationality’ and less comfortable using one or more other tactics. How to cite Reflective Draft, Essays